Transportation in Japan, a guide by Ayumi

From Shinkansen high-speed lines to monorails, and from regional subways decorated in the colors of local baseball teams, Japan’s transportation network is both vast, efficient, and comfortable. Ideal for both locals and travelers alike, it offers a daily sense of discovery. Some train models and certain lines have even become iconic among the Japanese. There are also “densha otaku,” or “train enthusiasts,” whom you will encounter on platforms, equipped with large cameras, capturing trains from their best angles. Hop aboard with me to learn more!

The Shinkansen: a treasure of speed and comfort

This train is world-famous for its punctuality, cleanliness, onboard comfort, and speed, with an average of 285 km/h! Despite earthquakes and natural disasters, the Shinkansen has never experienced a major incident, making it an especially reassuring form of public transport.

One of my little pleasures is buying an “eki-ben” at the station—a boxed meal sold there. There is something for every taste, but try local specialties once again, and avoid strongly smelling dishes so as not to disturb everyone in the carriage!

There are few discounts available when booking a Shinkansen, unlike in France. However, foreigners can benefit from a pass valid for one, two, or three weeks, allowing unlimited travel on the Shinkansen. A real advantage for travelers eager to explore many cities!

Learn more about the JR Pass

JR lines (Japan Railway): the iconic train

The JR logo is familiar to all Japan enthusiasts, and for good reason: it is an essential train network used daily by millions of Japanese people. The numbers are staggering: JR lines serve over 4,300 stations across the country, and more than 3 million passengers pass through Shinjuku Station!

The popularity and efficiency of Japan Railway lines come from their excellent service, with mostly punctual trains and constantly improved infrastructure.

An interesting detail: this vast network is divided into six independent companies that operate as a group. You will likely take a JR East line, which manages many routes in Tokyo.

Foreigners often find it difficult to navigate the different lines and train types—and Japanese people too, of course! It has happened to me to board a train only to realize that my stop was not served. To find your way, look out for the following designations:

• Limited Express Train “tokkyu”: stops only at major stations

• Express Train “kyuko”: stops at several additional major stations

• Commuter Limited Express “tsuukin tokkyu”: runs during rush hours and stops at busy stations

• Rapid Train “kaisoku”: stops at more intermediate stations

• Local Train “futsū”: stops at all stations; the slowest option

Fortunately, the network is accessible to foreigners thanks to station displays and multilingual announcements onboard (especially in English and Chinese). If in doubt, don’t hesitate to ask station staff or platform attendants (in English) whether your train stops at your destination.

The JR network is so extensive that it also includes bus and shuttle services—another benefit for JR Pass holders!

Private train and subway lines: the joy of transport

These lines complement JR services, reaching neighborhoods or towns that are more remote. Closer to residential areas, these trains are not as fast or spacious as JR lines, but they are ideal for exploring city districts. The JR Pass is not valid on these lines, so this is when your prepaid transport card (Suica or ICOCA) comes in handy!

Learn more about prepaid cards

Even though I am not a “train enthusiast,” I love watching the different trains during a walk. Many lines collaborate with companies like Nintendo or Sanrio, popular baseball teams like the Hanshin Tigers in Kobe, or famous manga franchises, such as the One Piece train currently running in Kumamoto.

I particularly recommend the Hankyu line train connecting Kobe to Nara: it is beautifully decorated inside and out in honor of the deer of Japan’s ancient capital. A journey within your journey!

Discover our excursions to Nara

City bus network: practical but be careful!

Buses are also punctual and practical for traveling between tourist spots and allow you to observe the city more calmly. However, be cautious if you have large luggage: buses are small and not well suited for bulky items. Leave your suitcase in a locker or send it to your next hotel.

In Japan, do as the locals do: board through the rear door, take a numbered ticket if available, and pay the exact fare when exiting. If you don’t have the exact amount, you can change money using a small machine near the driver.

City buses generally have a flat fare, but suburban buses may vary depending on distance. If your ticket shows the number “5,” you must pay the fare indicated for “5” on the screen at the front of the bus.

Also be cautious in Kyoto! As charming as the city is, it is heavily crowded with tourists, much to the frustration of locals. Buses in the city center take you to the most popular temples, but not very comfortably.

Wait times can be long, and you may find yourself squeezed among many passengers heading in the same direction, struggling to reach the exit to pay…

For families, the ideal solution is to combine the subway with taxis, or even book a private driver-guide to explore the city in comfort—the experience is far more pleasant!

Air travel: fly to the ends of Japan!

Imagine having breakfast on the 20th floor of a building overlooking Tokyo, then enjoying an evening drink with your feet in the turquoise waters of Okinawa…

Domestic flights are increasingly popular among Japanese travelers. Airlines like Peach or Skymark offer very attractive prices, directly competing with the Shinkansen, especially during weekdays. Passes similar to the JR Pass are even available exclusively for foreign visitors.

With a country stretching about 3,300 km, flying from Hokkaido to Fukuoka (Kyushu) takes no more than 2.5 hours.

However, remember to factor in travel time from the city center to the airport and arrive one to two hours in advance.

From Tokyo, you can also escape to Okinawa for a relaxing weekend in under 4 hours. It’s a great opportunity to discover the island’s unique culture, cuisine (featuring pork and goya), and stunning natural landscapes.

Ferries: sailing Japanese waters

As an archipelago, Japan has a well-developed ferry system offering a wide range of comfort—from simple seating to luxurious cabins. Many port cities such as Otaru, Kitakyushu, Kobe, and Tokyo are served by ferries.

It is a popular option for overnight travel, arriving at your destination in the morning, though slower than flying.

Onboard services can rival hotels: elegant lobbies, gourmet restaurants, convenience stores, fitness rooms, and even onsen baths. A true semi-cruise experience.

Ayumi’s tips and tricks

• Trains are punctual: arrive on the platform just a few minutes before departure. For flights, allow at least one hour in advance

• Download timetable apps like “Hyperdia” or “Jorudan” used by Japanese people: you’ll get schedules, fares, fastest routes, and transfers—essential!

• Beware of “Golden Week” in late April, when many Japanese travel. If you take the Shinkansen, reserve a seat (“shitei-seki”)

• Similarly, trains can become extremely crowded after major events like summer fireworks festivals—be especially careful with children

• Traveling with heavy luggage in Tokyo (and especially Kyoto) can be exhausting. Lockers are often full. Use luggage forwarding services such as Kuroneko Yamato for convenience

• Be careful if you are prone to seasickness! Bring appropriate medication for a comfortable night